Cast-steel side frame



Feb. l25., 1930.

M H. MARTIN CAST STEEL SIDE FRAME Filed July 18, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet lFeb. 25, 1930. M. H. MAR/TIN cAs'T STEEL SIDE FRAME Filed July 18, .19252 Sheets-Sheet 2 E@ 5% 7m f m m ,w @M J 6 6 J a a y Patented Feb. v25,1,930

` UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE MARKH. MARTIN, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND,ASSIGNO TO THE SYMINGTON' COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OFMARYLAND casar-STEEL sinn FRAME Application led July 18, 1925. SerialNo. 44,566.

This invention relates 'to side frames for railway car trucks and morepartlcularly to frames having journal boxes integral therewith. J

The principal object of my linvention, genwith respect to each otherthat erally considered, is the provision of cast integral side frames inwhich the various members thereof are so designed with respect to thecross-section and so arranged eat strength, compared. with the weightthereof, is secured.

An object of myinvention is the provision"` of a cast side frame forrailway trucks in whichthe various members thereof are so designed andthe cross-sections thereof are so varied that the most economicalcross-sections are employed in the various positions on the .frame andfor that purpose the crosssections of one or more'of the members thereofvaries radically between the ends thereof wherebywaluable results suchas lightening theweight of the frame without sacrificing the necessarystrength thereof, are secured.

Another object of my invention is the provision of a cast side frame forrailway car 4trucks formed with a compression member, v theintermediateportion of which is channelshape0 and the end portions of which are5gradually changed to a T or I shape, a tension member, the centralportion of which is box-shape, and the end portions of which are formedas inverted channels with upstanding v. ribs from 4the webs thereof,said members being spaced by bolster column or strut portions, merginglat their lower ends with the upstanding ribs on the tension member andat their upper ends with intermediate portions of the compressionmember.

A further object of my invention is the provision of a cast side framefor railway car trucks formed with compression, tension and bolstercolumn members, said bolster column members spacing intermediateportions of the compression and tension members and merging therewith,said frame being formed with a bolster opening framed by said members,the compression member above the bolster opening being formed asachannelin cross-section, the tension member beneath the bolster opening beingbox-shape in crosssection, the vbolster columns being channelshape incross-section, said compression member uniting with theU tension memberand with journal boxes at the ends of the frame, said frame beingsubstantially I-section above the journal boxes, those portions of thetension member diagonally disposed between the journal -boxes and thelower corners of the bolster opening being formed as inverted channelswith ribsv or I sections rising from the backs of the channel webs.

A still further object of my invention is the provision of a cast Sideframe for railway cartrucksy formed with compression and tension membersand bolster column or strutl `members spacing intermediate portionsthereof, said tension member vbeing formed as a box-section joining thelower. portions ofl the bolster column members and as` an invertedchannel-section extending' 4diagonally'upward from the lends of said,box-section, the transverse web of said diagonal portions extending inalstraight line' from the lower corner of the bolster opening to thecorner of the adjacent journal box roof, the depending iianges of thesection extending from the box-section beneath the bolster opening tothe side walls of thejournal. boxes, said diagonal tension portionsbeing formed with longitudinal, central rib portions rising from thebacks of the transverse web `portions thereof, merging with the bolstercolumn portions at their lower ends and .with the web of the compression`rmember at their lupper ends.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view on the line 3 3 of Figure 1, lookingin the directiony 5 o-f the arrows.

Figure 4 1s a detail cross-sectional n the line 4 4 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 -is -a detail cross-sectional view on the line 5 5 of Figure l.

Figure 6 is a similar cross-sectional view on theline 6-6 of Figure 1.

Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view on theline 7 7 of Figure 1.

Referring to the drawings in detail, in which similar referencecharacters designate like parts, there is shown a cast side frame 1which, in tlieembodiment illustrated, comprises a compression member 2,a tension member 3, bolster column guide or strut niembers 4, vandjournal boxes 5. The compression and tension members unite at the endsthereof and are also preferably integral with the journal boxes 5.Intermediate portions of the compression and tension members yare spacedby the bolster column members 4 which are shown as integral therewith.

The various frame members are formed of varyingsectional configurationin order to secure great economy of material without sacriview ficingrequisite strength'in the frame. For

example, the compression member 2, vover the bolster or window opening6, isfformed 'of inverted U-shape or as a channel withl an` upper webportion 7 and depending flanged portions 8. The lower edges of saidflangeportions 8 are preferably beaded or provided with outstanding ribportions v9. f

After passing outwardly beyond the bolster opening, the cross-sectionofthe compression member changes gradually so that over the journalboxes the section is substantially T. or I shape with an upper flange 10curved downwardly and meeting the roof 11 of the journal boxsubstantially iii line With therouter brass'- lug 12. That is, the upperedge, whichchanges from a web 7 to a flange 10, slopes from ahorizontalltosrlbstantially a vertical position where it joins with thejournal box 5. f

The web 13 of the T or I section over the journal boxes merges with theroof 11 of eacl'i journal box, as illustrated. During the transitionfrom a channel to an I section the depending flanges 48 of thecompression mem- From the foregoing it will be apparent member.

tially horizontal beam, rectangular or -boxshape4 in cross-section.

Adjacent the 4opposite lower corners of the bolster opening, the lowerweb 15 of the box-shaped horizontal portion of the tension member 3 isprovided with openings which gradually increase or taper in width; theedges of said openings foiming inwardly extending tapering flanges 16 onthe depending webs or flanges`17 of ythe tension The outer portions ofthe tension nieniber, that is the portion between each journal box andthe adjacentstrut, are bent upper webv 18 thereof is,continued straightto join the journal boxes 5 adjacent the upper inner corners thereof andpreferably at the junction of the inner brass lug 19 with the roof 1l.It willtherefore be apparent that the main portions of the tensionmember 3 change from/boX-section to inverted channel-sectioninpassingfrom that portion beneath the bolster opening 6 to the journa boxesv 5.

The bolster column portions 4 are formed of substantially U or channel'shape in crosssection with web portions 2O forming bolster guides andoutwardly extending flanged portions 21 beaded or vribbed at the edgesthereof, as indicated at 22. The lower portions of the web 20 areoutwardly offset, at 23, as is usual, to facilitate the insertion of thebolster, and apertured at 24 for core removal. The flanges 21 adjacentthe lower portions thereof are converged toward each `other and finallyjoined at 25 and continued .as a single web or flange 26 upstanding andcentrally longitudinally disposed along the transverse ,web 18 of thediagonal portions of the tension member 3. The upper edge of this web orflange 26 is bounded by the flange or bearing 14 continued from thecompression member 2. n

It will thus be apparent that the lower portions of the bolsterv columnmembers 4 merge withY the transverse web 18 of the diagonal portions ofthe tension member 3 and are continued to form an extension oradditional T or I'section joined with the iny or sloped outwardly andupwardly and the o verted channel section thereof. The upper v ends ofthe bolster column members 4 merge with the lower portions ofthecompression member 2, the Webs 20 of said bolster column portions' 30ofthe spring seating portion 28,

portions bei upper ends an the opposite portions thereof graduallytapering or decreasing in width so as to fina ly mergefwith. thedepending flange 8 of the compression member oven the bolster opening.

A he flanges 21 of the bolster column portions mer e with the flan es 8of the com ression' mem er 2, the beading 9 thereon, owever, preferablyextending above the upper ends ofthe bolster column members and mergingwith the beading 22 at the ends thereof. l Said beading22 at its upperend is preferably' curved outwardly and continued around the triangularopeningsy 27 to form an integral framing therearound withvthe beading 9and 14.

The upper web 28 of the tension member beneaththe bolster opening 6 ispreferably formed relatively wide for the accommodation of the bolstersprings. A plurality 'of b osses 29 may also be provided thereon. The

extending-beyond the depending web portions 17, are referably bracedwith respect thereto by triangular reinforcing webs 31. An aperture. 32may be provided adjacent the centralportion of the web for removing thecore from the box section therebeneath.

Thelower flange portions ofthe tension member adjacent the lower.ycorners of the window opening' 6 are preferably curved outwardly andupwardly, as illustrated, to give adequate strength beneath the windowopening corners. The lower-edges of the tension member 3 are thencontinuedsubstantiallyparallel, but slightly converging with respect tothe transverse web 18 thereof, to

the -vicinit of the adjacent journal box where the epending flangeportions 17 are ared downwardly and joined with the journal box innerwall 33, as illustrated.

Triangular reinforcing webs 34 may be provided between the'outer edgesof the tensionmember web 18 and the upperV mner corners of the journalboxes 5.

Brake hanger brackets 35 2', as illustrated, said brackets, in thepresent embodiment, being provided withupright y ber 2 and upper flangeportions 37 gradually increasing in width toward the 'compres- "sionmember 2, `and finally merging therev 'with. The lower flange 38 of thebrakehan'g- 7er bracket 35 may be extended and joined with the loweredges or beading 9 of said adjacent flange 8 of th compression mem- The`compression member 2 is preferably of lighter section than the tensionmember because it carries less stress than said tension member and theinner flanges 'of all members arepreferablyformed thinner than thebifurcad. adjmtrtheirl 'the strength thereof.

Having thus described my invention, I'

may be integrally united with the compression member correspondin`"outer anges thereof, The

the front portion. Unless provision is made to take care of thedifference in quality between the metal first poured an'd that subse-Yquently poured, the front and rear anges will have different strengthsper unit area and in service there would be a tendency to stress theouter flanges of the frame to a greater degree in proportion to theirstrength than the inner flanges. By providing flanges of unequalthicknesses this defect has been obviated so that the side frame isprovided with opposite flanges of uniform strength.

In view of the foregoing disclosure it will be appreciated that I havedevised an im- .proved form of side frame in which the sections ofthevarious members are varied in shape and strength to eiiiciently takecare of the stresses which they are called upon to bear in service,whereby great economy in design is secured and the weight of the framereduced without deleteriously decreasing claim:

1. A. truck side frame comprising a tension member, a compressionmember, boli' I ster guide columns interposed between intermediateportions of said memb'ers and leaving a bolster opening therebetween,olirnal boxes at the ends of said frame, the tension member beingIformed ywith diagonal end portions having transverse web portionsextending below the upper edge thereof from the lower corners of thebolster opening to the roofs of the journal boxes, said web por-` tlonsbeingl formed with depending flanges extending from beneath the bolsteropening tothe journal boxes.

2. A truck side frame comprising a tension member, a compression member,bolster guide columns linterposed between intermediate portions of saidmembers and leavingl a bolster opening therebetween, journal boxes atthe ends of. said frame, the tension member being formed with diagonalend port-ions having transverse web portions extending below the upperedge thereof from the lower' corners of the bolster opening to the roofsof the journal boxes,` said web portions being formed with ldependingflanges vextending'from beneath the bolster opening tothe journal'boxes,the intermediate portion of the tension member; beneath the bolsteropening beingsubstantially rectangular in Vcross-section, with .the sidewalls I thereof formed as continuations of said de pending flanges.

3. A truck side frame comprising a tension member, a compression member,bolster guide columns interposed between intermediate portions of saidmembers and leaving a bolster opening therebetween, journal boxes at theends o f said frame, the tension member being formed with diagonal endportions having transverse web portions extending from the lower cornersof the bolster opening to the roofs of the journal boxes, said webportions being formed with depending flanges extending from beneath thebolster opening lto the journal boxes, and with upstanding portionsmerging at theirf lower ends with tbe bolster guide columns and at theirupper ends with the compression member. o

'4. A truck side frame comprising a tension member, a compressionmember, bolster guide columns interposed between intermc; date portionsof' said members and leaving a bolster opening therebetween,n journalboxes at the ends of said frame, the tension member being :formedv withdiagonal end portions having transverse web portions extending from thelower corners of the bolster opening to the roofs of the journal boxes,said 'web portions being Vformed vwith de pending flanges extending frombeneath the bolster opening to the journal boxes and with iipstandingcentral longitudinal web portions, flanged at their upper edges, saidweb portions being continued at their upper lends as web portionsv ofthe compression :member and attheir lower ends bifurcated and continuedas flanges of the bolster columns.

5. A truck side frame comprising a tensioninember, a compression member,bolsterl guide columns interposed'between iiitermediate portions/of saidmembers and leaving a bolster opening therebetween, journal boxes at theends of said frame, the tension member being formed with diagonal endportions having transverse web portions extending from the lower cornersofothe bolsteropening to the roofs of the'journal boxes, said webportions being formed with depending flanges extending from beneath thebolsteropening to the journal boxes, and with opstanding centrallongitudinal web portions formed with transverse fianges at their -upperedges, said fianges being continued attheir upper ends as lower flangesof theA compression member and at their lowerends biurcated andcontinued as beading on the bolster columns. v 6. A truck sidenframecomprising la ten- -sion member, a' ycompression member, bolster guidecolumns interposed between interinadiate -portions of said members andleaving a bolster opening therebetween, journal boxes at Athe ends ofsaid rame,'the c ompressionmember at the intermediate portions thereof.over the bolster opening being generally 4channel-shape in'cross-section, vwith ay transverse webA and flanges on either sidethereof, said flanges,.bey0nd the bolster ope..- ing', graduallyconverging from 4the sides of the web and uniting along the full heightthereof to form upright web portions over the journal boxes.

7. A truck side frame comprising a tension member, a compression member.bolster guide columns interposed between intermediate portioiis of saidmembers and leaving a lbolster opening therebetween, integral journalboxes at the ends of said frame, the compression member at the portionthereof over the bolster opening being .generally channel-shape insection, with a transverse web and depending fianges on either sidethereof, said flanges, beyond the bolster opening, gradually convergingbeneath the web. united to foi-in upright web portions and continued tothe journal boxes and as web.

portions of the tension member.

8. -A truck side frame comprising a tension member, a compressionmember, bolstery guide columns interposed between intermediate portionsof said members and leaving a bolster opening therebetween, journalboxes at the ends of said frame, the compression member at the portionthereof over the bolster opening being generally*channel-shapel insection, with a transverse web and depending flanges on either sidethereof, said flanges, beyond the bolster opening, gradually convergingbeneath the web, united to form upright web portions and continued tothe journal boxes and as web portions of the tension member, the web ofthe channel sertion gradually forming upper flanges on the upright webportions which 'curve downwardly and unite at their ends with thejournal boxes.

9. A truck side frame comprising a tension l v tion being beaded,finally uniting adjacentv ange por tions and continued as upper fiangesof the the ends of the frame, as single tension member.

10. A truck side frame comprising a ten# sion member, a compresionmember, holster guide columns interposed between intermediate portionsof said members and leaving a bolster opening therebetween, journalboxes at the ends of said frame, the tension member being formed withdiagonal end portions,

inverted channel-sha e in cross-section, with an upstanding riba ong theupper surface .5 of the transverse channel web, said web extending in astraight line, along each end portion, from a lower corner of thebolster open-in to the inner corner of the adjacent journa box roof.

11. A truck side frame comprising a tension member, a compressionmember, bolster 'uide columns interposed between intermeiate portions ofsaid members and leaving a bolster opening therebetween, journal boxesat the ends of said frame, the tension membe'r being formed withdiagonal end portions, in-

verted channel-shape in cross-section, with an upstanding rib along theupper surface of the transverse channel web, said web exgo'tending in astraight line, along each end portion, from a lower corner of thebolster opening to the inner corner of the adjacent journal boxroof,joining 'with said roof adjacent the junction of the inner brass lugtherewith.- l

12. A truck side' frame comprising a tension member, avcompressionvmember, bolster guide columns interposed between inter- 7 mediateportions of said members and leaving a bolster opening therebetween,journal boxes at'the endsof said frame, the tension member being formedwith diagonal end portions, inverted channel-shape in crosssection, withan upstanding rib along the upper surface of the transverse channel web,said web extending in a straight line, along each end portion, lfrom alower corner of the bolster opening to the inner corner of the adjacentjournal box roof, the depending iianges 4o of the channel-sectionextending from ben eath the bolster opening to the outer end of eachdiagonal portion of the tension member where they are flared downwardlyand united with .the inner walls of the journal boxes.

-13. A truck side frame comprising a tension member and journal boxes'integrally connected thereto the end portions of said "tension memberbeing diagonally' disposed and comprisin lan intermediate web portionwith 'upright angesv extendin one way and a sin le u right ilange extening the other wayterelom 14. A truck side frame comprising a ten- `5sion member formed with a substantially hori izontal intermediateportion and diagonally disposed end portions, said end portionsbeing-formed with a transversev web .from which depend a plurality offlan es and the upper surface 'of which 1s forme `with a single upstanding a'nge. v 15. A truck side frame comprising a tensionmember'having diagonally disposed end ortions, 'the up ner portions ofwhich are `.65 ormed--g'enerally shape in cross section and upper webextending beyon the lower portions of which are formed gen erallychannel shape in cross section. A

16. A truck side frame comprising a. tension member having diagonallydisposed end portions formed with a transverse web, the outer edges ofwhich are provided with depending flanges and the intermediate portion fwhich is formed with an upstanding ange.

17 .4 A truck side frame comprising a compression member, the centralportion of which is generally channel shape in cross section and the endportions of-which are generally T shape in cross section, said memberbeing formed so that one section gradually merges into the other.

18. A truck side frame comprising a compression'member formed with anintermediate portion substantially U- shape in cross section, theflanges of the U graduallyfconverging towards the ends of the member toform a single web along the 4full height of said member, the web of theU being continued to form a flange .on the single web portion of themember.

19. In an integral side-frame-journal-box structure for car trucks, aside-frame having a top com ression member and a bottom tension mem er,said frame members being 0f channel form in the main part of the frameo5 intermediate the journal boxes, and being of I-section at and 1n theneighborhood of the journal box.

20. In an integral side-frame-journal-box structure for car trucks, aside-frame having a top compression member and a bottom tension member,said two members in the main part of the frame intermediate the journalboxes being of channel form including horizontal webs and verticallanges, the horizontal web of the top member joming the to of thejournal box and the horizontal web o the bottom `member oining the'innerwall 'of the" journal box, an the vertical flanges of one of saidmembers converging towards each other tojoin at points spaced inwardlyfrom the journal boxin a vertical web whlchvexvtends from the top wallof said boxes.

21. A side frame comprisin a tension member formed with norma y verticalflanges connected at their lower edges by a web, said tension memberhaving a central ortion with an the sides of the anges to provide aspring plank seat, and upwardly and outwardly' extending end pertions,the upper web of said intermediate portion beyond the sidesl thereofbeing continued upwardly and outwardly along the end portions below butparallel to the upper edges of said end portions, the lower edge of saidtension member where each end portion joins the central or intermediateortlon bemg first concave downwardl an then convex downwardly formaintaining the depth 1go or intermediate horizontal of the member atsaid 'un'ctions to correspond with the depth of the intermediateportion. n

22. A side frame comprising a tension member formed with an intermediatesiibf uv stantially horizontal portion and end portions extendingdiagonally outward and upward therefrom, bolster guide 4columns ex-4tending upward from the junctions of the end and intermediate ortionsof said mem- 13 ber, said tension mem er comprisinga pair of normallyvertical flanges, the lower outline of which is curved first in onedirection and then in the other beneath each bolster guide column formaintaining the depth of 15 the tension member to correspond with thatof the horizontal portion thereof to beyond the junctions with saidguide columns, said tension member between the guide columns having anupper webextended laterally beyond the anges with the ends continueddiagonally upward and outward below but parallel to the upper edges ofthe diagonal end portions of sa1d member.

v In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature.

f MARK MARTIN.

